5/10/2023 0 Comments Eclipse download oxygen![]() Alternatively one can use the chiral-induced spin selectivity (CISS) effect effect 19, 20, 21, 22 with chiral electrocatalysts to spin filter the anodic current. showed that applying an external magnetic field during OER changed the rate-determining step 18. ![]() Garces-Pineda and coworkers showed that a significant increase in current density (circa 100 mA/cm 2) during the OER occurs for magnetized ferromagnetic mixed metal oxide catalysts compared to their non-magnetized counterparts 17. For instance, an external magnetic field with a ferromagnetic electrode 16 can spin filter electron currents. Because the ground state of diatomic oxygen exists as a triplet, spin constraints should affect the elementary reaction steps 12, 13, 14, 15.īy spin filtering the anodic current, one can create spin-polarized reaction intermediates during electrocatalysis, and hence improve the efficiency of the OER. While strategies such as these have resulted in significant progress in advancing catalyst design, these models often ignore the role of the electron’s spin on the reaction kinetics. Similar volcano plots have also been made for mixed metal oxide catalysts using the occupancy of the e g orbitals to define the optimal performance 11. A plot of the dependence of reaction rate (or overpotential) on the binding energy changes for different electrocatalysts manifests as a volcano plot, in which the apex represents the best catalyst characteristics. For instance, the catalytic activity depends on the adsorption binding energy differences of the reactive intermediates on the surface: binding too strongly can hinder the progression of the reaction whereas not binding strongly enough leads to desorption before the reaction can proceed 10. Because of the overarching complexity involved in the OER, significant work has focused on developing simplified models to guide catalyst design. The overall reaction is a four-electron, four-proton process and a number of mechanistic schemes have been proposed 9. The creation of molecular oxygen by anodic electrocatalysts is believed to proceed on their surface through a number of possible radical intermediates, adsorbed *OH, *O, and *OOH 8. ![]() The oxygen evolution reaction (OER) remains a significant bottleneck for numerous electrocatalytic and electrochemical processes, including water electrolysis 1, 2, the electrochemical reduction of CO 2 3, 4, and exchange membranes for batteries and fuel cells 5, 6, 7, among others.
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